MORPHO-HISTOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE UMBILICAL CORD AND FETAL MEMBRANES IN PREGNANCIES WITH MATERNAL CARDIAC DEFECTS: CLINICAL AND PERINATAL IMPLICATIONS

Аннотация

This thesis investigates the morpho-histological characteristics of the umbilical cord and fetal membranes in pregnant women with cardiac defects. Structural abnormalities including Wharton's jelly edema, umbilical vascular wall thickening, and chorioamniotic membrane inflammatory infiltration are identified as specific histological signatures reflecting chronic hemodynamic and hypoxic compromise in these high-risk gestations.